- the commonest cause of blood in the urine in the UK is infection (cystitis)
- proven blood in the urine, whether visible or non-visible (found on a urine test), should always be investigated
- 1 in 5 adults with visible blood in the urine and 1 in 12 adults with non-visible blood in the urine are subsequently discovered to have bladder cancer
- children with blood in the urine rarely have cancer - they usually have infection in the bladder or inflammation of their kidneys (nephritis)
- a "one-off" finding of a small trace of blood in the urine on routine testing may not be significant
- some drugs (e.g. rifampicin, nitrofurantoin) and foodstuffs (e.g. beetroot) can turn the urine red
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